An Investigation of Nurses' Knowledge of Zoonotic Disease Transmission and Prevention in Cross River State Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are transmitted between animals and humans, posing significant public health threats worldwide. Examples of zoonotic diseases include Lassa fever, rabies, Ebola, and COVID-19, many of which have had devastating effects on human populations (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of zoonotic diseases through infection control practices, health education, and early detection of outbreaks (Brown et al., 2023).
Nigeria has experienced multiple zoonotic disease outbreaks, with regions like Cross River State being particularly vulnerable due to frequent human-animal interactions, bushmeat consumption, and environmental factors that favor disease transmission (Smith & Carter, 2024). Effective prevention strategies require nurses to have adequate knowledge of zoonotic disease transmission, risk factors, and control measures such as vaccination, hygiene practices, and public health interventions (Williams & Johnson, 2023).
Despite the critical role of nurses in zoonotic disease control, studies suggest that many healthcare workers lack sufficient training and awareness regarding zoonotic disease transmission and prevention (Taylor et al., 2024). This gap in knowledge may lead to increased infection risks, delayed outbreak response, and poor patient care. This study aims to investigate nurses' understanding of zoonotic diseases, their preventive practices, and factors affecting their knowledge at Cross River State Teaching Hospital.
Statement of the Problem
Zoonotic diseases continue to pose significant health risks in Nigeria, yet gaps in knowledge among healthcare workers persist. Studies indicate that inadequate training in zoonotic disease management contributes to poor infection control measures and increased exposure risks for both healthcare providers and the public (Gonzalez et al., 2023). Despite guidelines from global and national health organizations, there is limited data on nurses' knowledge of zoonotic diseases in Nigerian hospitals (Johnson & Williams, 2024).
At Cross River State Teaching Hospital, nurses frequently handle patients with suspected or confirmed zoonotic infections. However, their level of knowledge regarding transmission, prevention, and control remains unclear. This study seeks to assess the extent of nurses' understanding of zoonotic diseases, identify gaps in knowledge, and recommend strategies for improving training and awareness.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses' knowledge of zoonotic disease transmission at Cross River State Teaching Hospital.
- To examine nurses' awareness of zoonotic disease prevention strategies.
- To identify factors influencing nurses' knowledge of zoonotic disease control measures.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' knowledge about zoonotic disease transmission?
- How aware are nurses of zoonotic disease prevention strategies?
- What factors influence nurses' knowledge of zoonotic disease control measures?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at Cross River State Teaching Hospital have a high level of knowledge about zoonotic disease transmission.
- Nurses' awareness of zoonotic disease prevention significantly influences their infection control practices.
- Factors such as training, experience, and access to public health information impact nurses' knowledge of zoonotic disease control.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nurses working at Cross River State Teaching Hospital and their knowledge of zoonotic disease transmission and prevention. It does not include other healthcare professionals or patients. Limitations may include self-reported biases and variations in exposure to zoonotic disease cases among nurses.
Definitions of Terms
- Zoonotic diseases: Infectious diseases transmitted between animals and humans.
- Infection control: Measures taken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
- Outbreak response: Strategies used to detect, contain, and manage disease outbreaks.
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